This four page undergraduate paper examines the essays “On Cannibals” and “That It Is Folly to Measure Truth and Error by Our Own Capacity” in which the French philosopher Montaigne examined European views concerning authority, culture, religion, and man’s capacity to measure truth and error. Montaigne concluded that Europeans should reexamine their own values in light of what had been discovered about the indigenous inhabitants of the New World, and argued persuasively that authority should not be criticized simply because it is not infallible.